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Entanglement: the greatest mystery in physics Recording for the Blind & Dyslexic Aczel, Amir D Yıl: 2001 Dil: english Dosya: PDF, 1,49 MB Etiketleriniz: 0 / 0

2

English Phrasal Verbs in Use - Advanced Cambridge University Press Michael McCarthy, Felicity O'Dell Yıl: 2017 Dil: english Dosya: PDF, 11,83 MB Etiketleriniz: 5.0 / 5.0

VOCABULARY

9780 110 7619500 CALD 4 C M Y K

Simon Haines
Mark Nettle

with Martin Hewings

M Y K

On the CD-ROM:
• Two extra exercises for each unit

English
Vocabulary

in Use

in Use

ISBN 978 0521 71266 8

ISBN 978 0521 67746 2

C1–C2

CEFR level:

English Profile
www.englishprofile.org

Cambridge English exams:

English Vocabulary
in Use

Mac OSX 10.6, 10.7 or 10.8

C2

Proficiency (CPE)

Advanced

C1

Advanced (CAE)

Third Edition
with answers and eBook
B2

Upper Intermediate

First (FCE)

B1 +

• Learn useful collocations from a wide range of topics relevant to modern life such as:
opening gambit, work up an appetite and star-studded cast

• Avoid common mistakes and improve your exam results by studying error warnings
– based on real student errors from Cambridge ESOL papers for CAE, CPE and IELTS
• Develop better learning strategies through study tips and follow-up activities

• 60 easy-to-use two-page units: collocations are presented and explained on
left-hand pages with a range of practice exercises on right-hand pages.
• Presents and explains approximately 1,500 collocations in typical contexts using
short texts, dialogues, tables and charts.
• Contains a comprehensive answer key and full index for easy reference.
• Highlights register to help students choose the appropriate language for particular
situations.
• Informed by the Cambridge English Corpus to ensure that the most frequently used
collocations are presented.

English
Phrasal Verbs

ISBN 978 0521 68418 7

Cambridge
Advanced Learner’s Dictionary
Fourth Edition
For upper-intermediate to advanced learners of English

English
Collocations

Ideal for IELTS, BEC, and Cambridge English: First, Advanced, and Proficiency
exam preparation.
With clear definitions and over 140,000 words, phrases, meanings, and
examples, plus hundreds of pictures and illustrations, this dictionary is perfect
as a reference tool and as a study companion.
Informed by the Cambridge International Corpus and correlated to English
Vocabulary Profile, it is also perfect ; for exam preparation.

The CD-ROM contains the complete dictionary and recordings in British and
American English.

in Use

NEW! Focus on Writing section deals with all the essential aspects of
academic, formal, and informal writing.
NEW! Up-to-date vocabulary includes words from the areas of
technology, media, language, society, and lifestyle, plus important
words for academic study.

Advanced

Learner error information shows the most common errors made by
learners of English, so that you can avoid making the same mistakes.

How words work together
for fluent and natural English

English Vocabulary Profile correlation shows which words and
meanings are known by learners at what level, so you can prioritize
your vocabulary learning.

Includes eBook
with audio

Advanced
Learner’s
Dictionary
Fourth Edition

NEW FOCUS ON
WRITING SECTION
With CD-ROM

Felicity O’Dell
Michael McCarthy

Preliminary (PET)

A2

Key (KET)

in Use

Glossary
Glossary of
of terms
terms used
used in
in phonetics
phonetics and
and phonology
phonology

notes
notes on
on the
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relationship between
between spellings
spellings and
and sounds
sounds

Advanced

PLUS:
PLUS: The
The CD-ROM
CD-ROM provides
provides these
these extras:
extras:

spoken
spoken British
British and
and American
American pronunciations
pronunciations of
of every
every headword
headword
‘record
‘record yourself’
yourself’ function
function to
to practise
practise your
your pronunciation
pronunciation
Search
Search by
by alphabetic
alphabetic characters
characters or
or phonetic
phonetic symbols
symbols

Vocabulary reference
and practice
with answers

With CD-ROM

NEW FOCUS ON
WRITING SECTION

ISBN 978 1 107 61950 0

Improve your understanding of differences in spoken English, with
comparisons of everyday conversations and formal situations.

ENGLISH

With CD-ROM

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ISBN
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WRITING SECTION

CD-ROM

English
Pronunciation
Pronunciation
Advanced
Advanced

Martin
MartinHewings
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ISBN
ISBN 978
978 00 521
521 61956
61956 11

Daniel Jones
edited by Peter Roach,
Jane Setter & John Esling

Also available

with answers and eBook

Dictionary

18th Edition

Second Edition
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Michael McCarthy
Felicity O’Dell

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NEW FOCUS ON

ISBN 978 1 107 61950 0

English
Pronouncing

With CD-ROM

ADVANCED GRAMMAR IN USE
ENGLISH VOCABULARY IN USE ADVANCED
CAMBRIDGE ENGLISH PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY

ISBN 978 1 107 53930 3

ISBN 978 1 107 63776 4

Better Learning

Includes eBook
with audio
is our simple approach where

ISBN 978 0 521 15253 2

deeper insights help shape richer content that
drives stronger results.
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cambridge.org/betterlearning

Martin Hewings

ISBN 978 1 107 53930 3

English Idioms in Use Advanced is a vocabulary book for advanced-level learners.
It is primarily designed as a self-study reference and practice book but it can
also be used for classroom work.
•

60 easy-to-use two-page units. Idioms are presented and explained on lefthand pages with a range of practice exercises on right-hand pages.

PRONUNCIATION
Self-study and
classroom use

Also available

•

Presents and explains idioms in typical contexts using short texts and clear
example sentences.

•

Based on a corpus of real written and spoken language to ensure the most
useful and relevant idioms at this level are presented.

•

Provides valuable information about register and usage to help students
develop more natural-sounding English.

IN USE

•

Promotes good learning habits with study tips and follow-up tasks.

•

Helps you avoid common pitfalls with error warning notes highlighting
typical mistakes made by learners at this level.

Advanced

ENGLISH PHRASAL VERBS IN USE ADVANCED
ENGLISH COLLOCATIONS IN USE ADVANCED
ENGLISH VOCABULARY IN USE ADVANCED

Third Edition

Cambridge

18th
Edition

C1–C2

Cambridge

Dictionary

Self-study and classroom use

dictionary.cambridge.org

ISBN 978 0 521 70780 0

9780 521 15255 6 Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary cvr C M Y K

M Y K
9781107539303 Hewings: Advanced Grammar in Use With answers & ebook 3rd Edition Cover C

9780 110 7619500 CALD 4 C M Y K

To find out more about the English Vocabulary in Use series, visit
www.cambridge.org/elt/inuse

• Personalised, printable tests – ideal for
A self-study
reference and practice book
exam practice
For Windows®
Vista or Windows® 7 / 8learners
and
forXP,advanced
of English

Also available: English Collocations in Use Advanced
B1
Cambridge Advanced Learner’s Dictionary Fourth Edition

English Collocations in Use
Advanced

Collocations are word combinations that frequently appear together. This book will help
you master collocations, which will make your English sound more natural and fluent.

English Collocations in Use Advanced

Also available: English Phrasal Verbs in Use Advanced
Cambridge Advanced Learner’s Dictionary
English Vocabulary in Use Advanced

over
over 230,000
230,000 pronunciations
pronunciations of
of words,
words, names
names and
and phrases
phrases
new
new words
words and
and names
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people and
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places in
in the
the news
news

The
The World
World of
of English
English Pronunciation
Pronunciation –– lively
lively essays
essays on
on aspects
aspects of
of
pronunciation
pronunciation by
by leading
leading experts
experts in
in the
the fifield
eld

NEW FOCUS ON
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With CD-ROM

•

Remember words more effectively with lots of opportunities for
personalised practice.

•

listen to new words as well as reading them

•

bookmark pages, highlight text and add notes to help you remember
words.

NEW
COVER

ISBN XX

NEW
COVER

ISBN XX

ENGLISH
IDIOMS
IN USE

60 units of vocabulary
reference and practice

Also available

Self-study and
classroom use

Second Edition
CEF

Advanced

C1–C2

Martin Hewings
NEW
COVER

Advanced

WRITING SECTION

The
The 18th
18th edition
edition features:
features:

with answers

dictionary.cambridge.org

ENGLISH
IDIOMS
IN USE
Advanced

Advanced

NEW FOCUS ON

Understand how pronunciation works, including individual
sounds, word stress, connected speech and intonation.

•

Editio
Cambridge
n
English Pronouncing Dictionary
18th Edition
English
English pronunciation
pronunciation –– from
from aardvark
aardvark to
to zymotic
zymotic and
and Adobe
Adobe to
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The
The 18th
18th edition
edition of
of Daniel
Daniel Jones’s
Jones’s classic
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work is
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nitive guide
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English pronunciation.
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best-selli
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ng

English
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in Use
Use

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•

Hewings
Hewings

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Practise your pronunciation with simple ‘listen and repeat’
activities, modelled with a clear British English accent.

Cambridge Pronouncing
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Advanced Grammar in Use Supplementary Exercises with answers

Advanced
Learner’s
Dictionary

NEW FOCUS ON
WRITING SECTION

world’s
grammar

McCarthy and O’Dell English Vocabulary in Use Advanced

Cambridge

with answers

Simon Haines
Mark Nettle

with Martin Hewings

Advanced Learner’s

Dictionary

NEW! Focus on Writing section deals with all the essential aspects of
academic, formal, and informal writing.
NEW! Up-to-date vocabulary includes words from the areas of
technology, media, language, society, and lifestyle, plus important
words for academic study.

Cambridge

Fourth Edition

English Vocabulary Profile correlation shows which words and
meanings are known by learners at what level, so you can prioritize
your vocabulary learning.

dictionary.cambridge.org

•

New

The

English Vocabulary in Use
Advanced
Second Edition

Do you want to improve your vocabulary quickly? English Vocabulary in Use
Advanced is fully aligned to the needs of English language learners at C1–C2
level, so it will help you learn the words and phrases you require. This second
edition of the best-selling vocabulary book is ideal for self-study, but can also
be used in the classroom. It now offers:
• Fully updated units informed by the English Profile wordlists, so you
learn the most important vocabulary at advanced level.
• New words presented and explained in context, so that you can clearly
see how to use them.
• Lots of opportunities for personalised practice, to help with the
learning process.
• A ‘common mistakes’ feature which helps you avoid frequent errors.

O’Dell and McCarthy English Collocations in Use Advanced

Advanced
Learner’s
Dictionary

Details and access code inside.

Learner error information shows the most common errors made by
learners of English, so that you can avoid making the same mistakes.

Advanced Learner’s

Cambridge

Dictionary

• Online version for Windows and Mac (requires Chrome browser)

Haines & Nettle with Hewings

English Vocabulary Profile correlation shows which words and
meanings are known by learners at what level, so you can prioritize
your vocabulary learning.

• listen to examples to help with listening and pronunciation
• do exercises, save answers and check them with an answer key
• bookmark pages, highlight text and add notes.

*eBook available for both tablets and PCs/Macs:
• Downloadable version for iOS and Android (requires free Cambridge Bookshelf app)

Also available: Advanced Grammar in Use Supplementary Exercises
Cambridge Advanced Learner’s Dictionary
Advanced Grammar in Use Extra Activities app

Cambridge

Advanced Grammar in Use Supplementary Exercises with answers

NEW! Focus on Writing section deals with all the essential aspects of
academic, formal, and informal writing.
NEW! Up-to-date vocabulary includes words from the areas of
technology, media, language, society, and lifestyle, plus important
words for academic study.

Learner error information shows the most common errors made by
learners of English, so that you can avoid making the same mistakes.

Advanced Learner’s

Haines & Nettle with Hewings

Cambridge
Advanced Learner’s Dictionary

Also inside is a code for an interactive eBook*. This has the same grammar
explanations and exercises as in the printed book. This makes it perfect for
studying grammar anytime and anywhere.
With the eBook learners can:

CEFR Levels C1, C2

Cambridge
Advanced Learner’s Dictionary
Fourth Edition
For upper-intermediate to advanced learners of English
Ideal for IELTS, BEC, and Cambridge English: First, Advanced, and Proficiency
exam preparation.
With clear definitions and over 140,000 words, phrases, meanings, and
examples, plus hundreds of pictures and illustrations, this dictionary is perfect
as a reference tool and as a study companion.
Informed by the Cambridge International Corpus and correlated to English
Vocabulary Profile, it is also perfect for exam preparation.
The CD-ROM contains the complete dictionary and recordings in British and
American English.

ISBN 978 0 521 78807 6

Listen to a variety of English accents, to hear the similarities and
the differences.

A self-study reference and practice book
for advanced learners of English

Advanced Grammar in Use
With answers and eBook • Third Edition

A self-study reference and practice book for advanced learners of English
Advanced Grammar in Use Third Edition meets the advanced-level learner’s needs
with comprehensive grammar coverage and a user-friendly layout. This edition:
• contains 100 units of grammar reference and practice materials
• facilitates self-study by featuring a Study planner to help learners identify
which grammar to focus on
• has a comprehensive Grammar reminder section to allow learners to
double-check language areas they have already studied
• is informed by the Cambridge International Corpus to ensure the language
is authentic and up to date
• provides ideal support for students preparing for IELTS, Cambridge
English: Advanced or Cambridge English: Proficiency examinations.

Hewings Advanced Grammar in Use with answers and eBook

Also available: Advanced Grammar in Use Supplementary Exercises
Cambridge Advanced Learner’s Dictionary
Advanced Grammar in Use Extra Activities app

Learn to speak clearly with 60 units of explanations, examples and
exercises.

•

9780521619561 HEWINGS:
HEWINGS: EPIU
EPIU ADVANCED
ADVANCED CVR
CVR CMYBLK
CMYBLK
9780521619561

Full details and access code inside.

9781108403498 - HEWINGS - ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION ADVANCED C M Y K

• Online version for Windows and Mac (requires Chrome browser)

•

This book comes with over four hours of free downloadable audio.
See code and instructions inside.

978-0-521-70780-0 MCCARTHY & O’DELL :ENGLISH COLLOCATIONS IN USE ADVANCED C M Y K

• do exercises, save answers and check them with an answer key
• bookmark pages, highlight text and add notes.

*eBook available for both tablets and PCs/Macs:
• Downloadable version for iOS and Android (requires free Cambridge Bookshelf app)

CEFR Levels C1, C2

Understand and be understood in English.
Pronunciation explanations, audio and practice for advanced
level (C1-C2) learners of English. Perfect for both self-study and
classroom activities.

9780 110 7619500 CALD 4 C M Y K

• listen to examples to help with listening and pronunciation

Advanced

9781107637764 McCarthy & O’Dell: English Vocabulary in Use with awnswers & CD-ROM 2nd Edition Cover C

M Y K

With the eBook learners can:

Cambridge

9781107539303 Hewings: Advanced Grammar in Use With answers & ebook 3rd Edition Cover C

Also inside is a code for an interactive eBook*. This has the same grammar
explanations and exercises as in the printed book. This makes it perfect for
studying grammar anytime and anywhere.

Fourth Edition

Be confident about what you are learning, thanks to Cambridge
research into how English is really spoken and written.

Felicity O’Dell
Michael McCarthy

ISBN XX

Better Learning is our simple approach where
deeper insights help shape richer content that

Free downloadable
audio

drives stronger results.
Discover more:

cambridge.org/betterlearning

ISBN 978 1 108 40349 8

ADVANCED GRAMMAR IN USE
ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION IN USE ADVANCED
ENGLISH IDIOMS IN USE ADVANCED

ENGLISH

VOCABULARY
Vocabulary
reference and
practice

Advanced
Michael McCarthy
Felicity O’Dell

ISBN 978 1 316 62973 4

Better Learning is our simple approach where
deeper insights help shape richer content that
drives stronger results.
Discover more:
cambridge.org/betterlearning

IN USE

Third Edition

Advanced

• provides ideal support for students preparing for IELTS, Cambridge
English: Advanced or Cambridge English: Proficiency examinations.

For upper-intermediate to advanced learners of English

•

with ebook

• is informed by the Cambridge International Corpus to ensure the language
is authentic and up to date

Ideal for IELTS, BEC, and Cambridge English: First, Advanced, and Proficiency
exam preparation.

Learn words in context, with 101 different topics, including ‘Applying
for a job’, ‘Illness’ and ‘Easily confused words’.

ENGLISH IDIOMS IN USE

• has a comprehensive Grammar reminder section to allow learners to
double-check language areas they have already studied

IN USE

ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION IN USE

• facilitates self-study by featuring a Study planner to help learners identify
which grammar to focus on

With clear definitions and over 140,000 words, phrases, meanings, and
examples, plus hundreds of pictures and illustrations, this dictionary is perfect
as a reference tool and as a study companion.

•

O’Dell and McCarthy

• contains 100 units of grammar reference and practice materials

The
wo
gra rld’s
mm be
ar st-se
seri llin
es
g

ENGLISH

PRONUNCIATION

Martin Hewings

A self-study reference and practice book for advanced learners of English

Informed by the Cambridge International Corpus and correlated to English
Vocabulary Profile, it is also perfect for exam preparation.

Expand your vocabulary with easy to understand explanations and
practice exercises.

*The ebook has the same content as the printed book and works on Macs, PCs and
tablets. Online version for Windows and Mac (requires Chrome browser). Downloadable
version for iOS and Android tablets (requires free Cambridge Bookshelf app). Instructions
and access code inside.

Advanced Grammar in Use Third Edition meets the advanced-level learner’s needs
with comprehensive grammar coverage and a user-friendly layout. This edition:

The CD-ROM contains the complete dictionary and recordings in British and
American English.

•

Also inside is a code for an ebook*. With the ebook you can:

Advanced Grammar in Use
With answers and eBook • Third Edition

ISBN 978 0 521 78807 6

The words you need to communicate with confidence.
Vocabulary explanations and practice for advanced level (C1-C2) learners
of English. Perfect for both self-study and classroom activities.

Hewings Advanced Grammar in Use with answers and eBook

978 1 316 63006 8 McCarthy & O’Dell: English Vocabulary in Use Advanced Cover C

Advanced

ENGLISH VOCABULARY IN USE

M Y K

IN USE

McCarthy and O’Dell

ENGLISH

Includes ebook
with audio

ENGLISH

VOCABULARY
Vocabulary
reference and
practice
with answers
and ebook
Third Edition

IN USE
Advanced
Michael McCarthy
Felicity O’Dell

University Printing House, Cambridge CB2 8BS, United Kingdom
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First published 2002
Third Edition 2017
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A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library
ISBN 978-131663006-8 Edition with answers and ebook
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Contents
Thanks
Introduction
Work and study
1 Cramming for success: study and
academic work

2
3
4
5
6
7

10
11
12
13
14
15

8
10

Applying for a job

12

Job interviews

14

At work: colleagues and routines

16

At work: job satisfaction

18

At work: careers

20

negative qualities

22

Describing people: appearance
and mannerisms

24

Describing people: personality and
character traits

26

Relationships: friends forever

28

Relationships: ups and downs

30

Emotions and reactions

32

Negative feelings

34

Birth and death: from cradle to grave 36

Leisure and lifestyle
16 Free time: relaxation and leisure
17 All the rage: clothes and fashion
18 Home styles, lifestyles
19 Socialising and networking
20 The performance arts: reviews

21
22
23
24

6

Education: debates and issues

People and relationships
8 Describing people: positive and

9

5

38
40
42
44

and critiques

46

The visual arts

48

Talking about books

50

Food: a recipe for disaster

52

Dinner’s on me: entertaining and
eating out

54

Travel
25 On the road: traffic and driving
26 Travel and accommodation
27 Attracting tourists
The environment
28 Describing the world
29 Weather and climate
30 Brick walls and glass ceilings
31 Taking root and reaping rewards
32 The animal kingdom
33 Our endangered world
Society and institutions
34 Here to help: customer service
35 Authorities: customs and police
36 Beliefs
37 Festivals in their cultural context
38 Talking about language
39 History: since the dawn of civilisation
40 The haves and the have-nots
41 British politics
42 International politics
43 The letter of the law
44 War and peace
45 Economy and finance
46 Personal finance: making ends
meet

The media
47 The media: in print
48 The media: internet and email
49 Advertising
50 The news: gathering and
delivering

English Vocabulary in Use Advanced

56
58
60

62
64
66
68
70
72

74
76
78
80
82
84
86
88
90
92
94
96
98

100
102
104
106

3

Health
51 Healthcare
52 Illness: feeling under the weather
53 Medical language
54 Diet, sport and fitness
Technology
55 Industries: from manufacturing

56
57
58

110
112
114

to service

116

Technology and its impact

118

Technology of the future

120

Energy: from fossil fuels to
windmills

122

Basic concepts
59 Space: no room to swing a cat
60 Time: once in a blue moon
61 Motion: taking steps
62 Manner: behaviour and body

124
126
128

language

130

63
64
65
66
67
68

Sounds: listen up!

132

Weight and density

134

All the colours of the rainbow

136

Speed: fast and slow

138

Cause and effect

140

Spot the difference: making
comparisons

142

69
70

Difficulties and dilemmas

144

Modality: expressing facts,
opinions, desires

146

71

Number: statistics and quantity

148

Functional vocabulary
72 Permission: getting the go-ahead
73 Complaining and protesting
74 Apology, regret and reconciliation
75 A pat on the back: complimenting

76
77
78
4

108

150
152
154

and praising

156

Promises and bets

158

Reminiscences and regrets

160

Agreement, disagreement
and compromise

162

English Vocabulary in Use Advanced

79
80
81
82
83

Academic writing: making sense

164

Academic writing: text structure

166

Writing: style and format

168

Whatchamacallit: being indirect

170

Give or take: more vague
expressions

172

84

The way you say it

174

Words and meanings
85 Abbreviations and acronyms
86 Prefixes: creating new meanings
87 Suffixes: forming new words
88 Word-building and

89
90
91

176
178
180

word-blending

182

English: a global language

184

Easily confused words

186

One word, many meanings

188

Fixed expressions and
figurative language
92 Collocation: which words go
together

190

93
94

Metaphor: seeing the light

192

Idioms for everyday situations
and feelings

194

95
96

Brushing up on phrasal verbs

196

Connotation: making associations 198

Language variation
97 Register: degrees of formality
98 Divided by a common language
99 Language and gender
100 In the headlines
101 Red tape

200
202
204
206
208

Answer key

210

Phonemic symbols

276

Index

277

Acknowledgements

299

Enhanced ebook

301

Thanks and acknowledgements
Joy Godwin wrote two units for the Third Edition: Unit 3, Applying for a job, and Unit 4,
Job interviews. The publishers would like to thank Joy for her contribution to this edition.

English Vocabulary in Use Advanced

5

Introduction
To the student
This book has been written to help you expand your vocabulary at the advanced level. You already
know thousands of English words, but to express yourself fully and in a sophisticated way at the
advanced level, you will ideally need between 6,000 and 8,000 words, so increasing your vocabulary
is very important for your general progress in English, as well as for any academic, professional or
vocational needs you may have where English plays an important role. At the advanced level, as well
as learning new words, you will need to learn more about the subtle connotations of words, aspects
of register and style and how words combine into collocations, compounds and fixed phrases. In
this book, there are over 3,000 new words and expressions for you to learn. You will find them on the
left-hand page of each unit. Every new word or phrase is used in a sentence, or in a conversation, or
is in a table, or has a picture with it, or has some explanation of what it means. On the right-hand
page there are exercises and other activities to help you practise using the words and to help you
to remember them. Where our research shows that learners frequently make errors, we give you
advice on how to avoid the most common ones, as well as other useful language tips. The book has
been written so that you can use it yourself, without a teacher. You can do the units in any order you
like, but we have grouped them into themes, so you might wish to work through several units on a
particular area of vocabulary before moving to a new one.
The Answer key at the end of the book is for you to check your answers to the exercises after you
do them. The key sometimes has more than one answer. This is because often there is not just
one correct way of saying something. Where you are asked to talk about yourself, in the Over
to you activities, we do not provide answers, since this is your opportunity to work completely
independently and in a very personal way, so everyone’s answer will be very different.
The Index at the end of the book has all the important words and phrases from the left-hand pages.
The Index also tells you how to pronounce words. There is a table of phonemic symbols to help you
understand the pronunciation on page 276.
You should also have a dictionary with you when you use the book. You can use a paper dictionary,
an electronic one, or you can go to Cambridge Dictionaries Online at http://dictionary.cambridge.org.
Access to a dictionary is useful because sometimes you may want to check the meaning of something
or find a word in your own language to help you remember the English word. Sometimes, you will
also need a dictionary for the exercises; we tell you when this is so.
To learn a lot of vocabulary, you have to do two things:
1 Study each unit of the book carefully and do all the exercises. Check your answers in the key.
Repeat the units after a month, and then again after three months, and see how much you have
learnt and how much you have forgotten. Repeating work is very important.
2 Develop ways of your own to study and learn new words and phrases which are not in this
book. For example, every time you see or hear an interesting phrase, write it in a notebook,
and write who said it or wrote it, and in what situation, as well as what it means. Making notes
of the situations words are used in will help you to remember them and to use them at the
right moment.
We hope you like this book. You can also go to the other books in the series which have more
specialised titles: English Idioms in Use, English Phrasal Verbs in Use and English Collocations in Use,
which are available at advanced level, as well as Academic Vocabulary in Use. Find out more at the
Vocabulary in Use website: www.cambridge.org/elt/inuse.

6

English Vocabulary in Use Advanced

To the teacher
This book can be used in class or as a self-study book. It is intended to take learners from an
upper-intermediate level of vocabulary to an advanced level. The vocabulary has been chosen
for its usefulness in everyday situations, and we consulted the Cambridge English Corpus,
a billion-word-plus written and spoken corpus of present-day English which includes a huge learner
corpus, to help us decide on the words and phrases to be included and to help us understand the
typical problems learners encounter at the advanced level. We also consulted the English Vocabulary
Profile to make sure that the words in the book are a representative sample of vocabulary that is
typical of the Common European Framework levels C1 and C2. Visit the English Vocabulary Profile at
www.cambridge.org/elt/inuse.
At the advanced level, as well as learning a large number of new words and expressions, learners
are often directing their efforts towards academic, professional or vocational needs, and so we
have tried to offer a modern, sophisticated vocabulary that will underpin their work in other areas.
The new vocabulary (on average 40 items per unit) is presented with explanations on the left-hand
page, and there are exercises and activities on the right-hand page. There is an Answer key and an
Index with pronunciation for all the target vocabulary. The key at the end of the book is for students
to check their answers to the exercises after they do them. The key sometimes has more than one
answer. This is because often there is not just one correct way of saying something. Where students
are asked to talk about themselves, in the Over to you activities, we do not provide answers, since
this gives learners the opportunity to work completely independently and in a very personal way,
so everyone’s answer will be very different.
The book focuses not just on single words, but on useful phrases and collocations, and the vocabulary
is illustrated in natural contexts. The book is organised around everyday topics, but also has units
devoted to basic concepts such as time, modality, manner and varieties and style. Typical errors are
indicated where appropriate, based on information from the Cambridge Learner Corpus, and the
most typical meanings and uses are focused on for each key item.
The right-hand pages offer a variety of different types of activities, some traditional ones such as
gap-filling, but also more open-ended ones and personalised activities which enable learners to talk
about their own lives. Although the activities and exercises are designed for self-study, they can be
easily adapted for pairwork, groupwork or whole-class activities in the usual way.
When the learners have worked through a group of units, it is a good idea to repeat some of the work
(for example, the exercises) and to expand on the meaning and use of key words and phrases by
extra discussion in class, and find other examples of the key items in other texts and situations. This
can be done at intervals of one to three months after first working on a unit. This is important, since
it is usually the case that a learner needs five to seven exposures to a word or phrase before they can
really begin to know it, and no single book can do enough to ensure that words are always learnt
first time. It is especially important at the advanced level to discuss in detail the meanings and uses
of words and phrases and how they combine and collocate with one another.
Your students can also consult the more specialised higher level books in this series: the advanced
levels of English Idioms in Use, English Phrasal Verbs in Use and English Collocations in Use, or they
may wish to work on academic vocabulary by using Academic Vocabulary in Use, all by the same
authors as this book. They can also test themselves on the knowledge they have gained from this
and the other books in the series by using the separate books of tests that accompany the series.
You can find out more at the Vocabulary in Use website: www.cambridge.org/elt/inuse.
We hope you enjoy using the book.

English Vocabulary in Use Advanced

7

Cramming for success: study and
academic work

1
A

Study and exams
Before an exam, some students cram1
for it. Even if you’re a genius2, you’ll
have to do some revision. If the exam
happens every year, you can revise by
looking at past papers3. Some things
can be memorised or learnt (off ) by
heart. But rote-learning4 is not sufficient
for most subjects. It is also possible to
use mnemonics5. However, all things
considered, the best idea is to bury
yourself in your books6 and to study
intensively7 until you know the subject
inside out8.

B

1

study in a very concentrated way
for a short time
2
an exceptionally clever person
3
exam papers from previous years
4
learning purely by repetition
5
/niˈmɒnɪks/ tricks that help
you remember something, for
example: ‘i’ before ‘e’ except after
‘c’ is a mnemonic for English
spelling (e.g. friend, but receive)
6
spend the maximum time
studying
7
in a very focused way
8
know it completely

Academic writing
composition could be just 50–100 words, often used for school work
essay longer than a composition, more serious, hundreds or thousands of words
assignment a long essay, often part of a course, usually thousands of words
project like an assignment, but emphasis on student’s own material and topic
portfolio a collection of individual pieces of work; may include drawings and other examples of
creative work as well as writing
dissertation a long, research-based work, perhaps 10–15,000 words, for a degree or diploma
thesis a very long, original, research-based work, perhaps 80–100,000 words, for a higher degree (e.g. PhD)
It’s a good idea to start with a mind map1 when preparing an essay. Always write a first draft2
before writing up the final version. Your essay should be all your own work; plagiarism3 is a very
serious offence in colleges and universities. It is an increasing problem because it is so easy to cut
and paste from materials available on the internet, and students have to sign a plagiarism form
to say that the work they are handing in is all their own and that they acknowledge4 any sources
they have used. There is usually a deadline5. After the essay is submitted6, it will be assessed7
and usually you can get feedback8.
1

diagram that lays out ideas for a topic and how they are connected to one another 2 first, rough version
/pledərzəm/ using other people’s work as if it was yours 4 give details of 5 date by which you must hand
in the work 6 handed in; formal 7 evaluated and given a grade 8 comments from the teacher/tutor
3

C

Aspects of higher academic study
1

less formal is do research
magazines with academic
articles (we do not use
the word magazine to talk
about this kind of academic
publication)
3
get hold of (it) on the internet
4
system where libraries
exchange books/journals with
one another
2

HOME

1

FACULTY

RESEARCH

University academics carry out research and are expected to read academic
journals2, which publish papers/articles on specialised subjects. If a library
does not have a copy of a book or journal, you may be able to access it online3
or you can usually get it through an inter-library loan4. Open educational
resources5 are particularly convenient for many students. Academic study can
be very demanding, and some students drop out6, but the majority survive till
finals7 and become well-qualified8 members of their future professions.
5

online materials that can be freely used by teachers and students anywhere 6 leave the course before the
end 7 last exams before the end of a college or university course 8 with the right formal qualifications
8

English Vocabulary in Use Advanced

Exercises
1.1

Correct the wrong usage of words to do with written work in these sentences.
1 His PhD assignment was 90,000 words long and was on the history of US place names.
2 Little Martha did her first dissertation in school today. It was called ‘My family’.
3 We have to hand in an essay at the end of the course. It can consist of up to five different
pieces of work.
4 The teacher gave us the title of this week’s project today. We have to write 1,000 words on the
topic of ‘If I ruled the world’ and hand it in next Monday.
5 At the end of this course, you have to do a 5,000-word thesis which will be assessed, and the
grade will contribute to your final degree.
6 I think I’ll do a study of people’s personal banking habits for my MSc composition. It has to be
about 12,000 words.
7 I’ve chosen to do the portfolio instead of the two exams, because I like to do one single piece of
work where I can research something that interests me personally.

1.2

Rewrite this text using words and phrases from the opposite page instead of the
underlined words.
When I’m studying in a very focused way because I’m preparing
hard for an exam, I don’t see any point in looking up exam papers
from previous years, nor is there any point in just learning things by
memory. I know some people develop very clever memory tricks
to help them remember the material, but there’s no real substitute
for rereading and going over the term’s work. It’s a good idea to
have some sort of diagram showing different ideas to organise your
thoughts, and memory-learning is useful, but in a limited way. At the
end of the day, you just have to read a huge amount until you feel
you know the subject 100%.

1.3

Answer these questions.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

1.4

What do we call the first attempt at writing something, e.g. an essay?
What word means ‘the date by which you must do something’?
What word means ‘using someone else’s ideas as if they were yours’?
What are more formal words for ‘to hand in’ and for ‘to mark’?
What phrasal verb do we use when someone doesn’t complete their course?
What is another word for an academic article? Where can you read them?
What is the name of the system for getting books from other libraries?
What word means ‘the comments you get back from the teacher about your work’?
What word can you use for a person who is extraordinarily intelligent?
What is a more formal way of saying ‘do research’?

Choose the best word from the opposite page to complete these sentences.
1 If you quote an article in an essay, you must
your source, giving details of author
and title.
2 Open educational
can be particularly useful for students who do not have easy
access to a university library.
3 How much
have you done for tomorrow’s maths exam?
4 Don’t forget to sign the
form and hand it in with your dissertation.
5 Some people take a long time to find suitable work even though they are very
.
published in the British Medical Journal.
6 Orla has had a
7 All students need a username and password to be able to
journals online.
8 Caspar is bound to do well in his mechanics exam – he knows the subject
out.
English Vocabulary in Use Advanced

9

2

Education: debates and issues
A

Opportunity and equality
All education systems may ultimately be judged in terms of equality of opportunity1. This is often
referred to in the debates over selective2 versus comprehensive3 schooling4. The main issue is
whether everyone has the same opportunities for educational achievement or whether elitism5 of
one sort or another is inherent in6 the system.
League tables7 for schools and colleges may actually help unintentionally to perpetuate8
inequalities, while claiming to promote the raising of standards. Inevitably, league tables divide
educational institutions into good and bad, success and failure, resulting in a two-tier system9,
or at least that is how the public perceives10 it. The ability of better-off11 parents and wellendowed12 schools to push children towards the institutions at the top of the league may, in the
long term, have the effect of depressing13 opportunity for the less well-off14 or for children from
home environments that do not provide the push and motivation to excel15.
Financial support of different kinds can help to make educational opportunity more equal. There
are, for example, scholarships16 or bursaries17 that make it possible for less privileged youngsters
to afford tertiary18 education. Student loans19 allow undergraduates20 to pay for their tuition
fees21 and living expenses while they are studying. But few would claim that real equality of
opportunity has been achieved.
1

11

2

12

when everyone has the same chances
pupils are chosen for entry, usually for academic reasons,
though, in the case of some private schools, parents’
ability to pay school fees may be a factor in selection
3
everyone enters without exams and education is free,
paid for by the government
4
education received at school
5
when you favour a small, privileged group
6
existing as a basic part of something
7
lists of schools or colleges, from the best down to
the worst, based on exam results and, sometimes,
other criteria
8
make something continue
9
a system with two separate levels, one of which is
better than the other
10
sees, considers

B

Other debates and issues
Some people think we should return to an
emphasis on the three Rs, the traditional,
basic skills. [reading, writing and arithmetic]
Literacy and numeracy are skills no one
can afford to be without. [the ability to read]

richer
receiving a lot of money in grants, gifts from
rich people, etc. [= endowments]
13
reducing
14
poorer
15
achieve an excellent standard
16
money given to pay for studies, usually provided
on the basis of academic merit
17
money given to pay for studies, usually provided
on the basis of need
18
education at university or college level
19
money that students can borrow from a bank while
studying and then pay back once they are in work
20
students doing a first degree [postgraduates =
students doing a further degree]
21
money paid to receive teaching

Language help
Notice how compound adjectives like well-off,
well-endowed, high-achieving, badly-performing can be
used in comparative and superlative forms, e.g. better-off,
best-endowed, higher-achieving, worst-performing.

[the ability to count / do basic maths]

Curriculum reform is often done for
political reasons rather than for good educational ones.
[changes to what is covered in the national syllabus = plan of what is to be studied]
Nowadays, lifelong/continuing education is an issue, and creating opportunities for mature students
is important. [education for all ages] [adult students older than the average student]
Special needs education is expensive because class sizes need to be small or one-to-one. [education for

children who cannot learn in the normal way, because they have some disability] [one teacher and one pupil, not a group]
Children are unhappy at school if there is a lot of bullying. [threatening behaviour]

Some headteachers complain that getting to grips with constant new government guidelines on what
schools should be doing is a distraction from what they ought to be focusing on. [advice (often official)
on how something should be done] [takes attention away]

10

English Vocabulary in Use Advanced

Exercises
2.1

Complete the collocations by filling in the missing words according to the meaning given
in brackets.
1
2
3 equality of
4
5

2.2

tables (lists of schools from best to worst)
education (entry to schools is decided by exam results)
(when everyone has the same chances)
inequalities (make inequalities continue)
education (at university or college level)

Rewrite these sentences so they are more formal by using words and phrases from
the opposite page instead of the underlined words. Make any other changes that
are necessary.
1 Inequality is built into the education system.
2 Giving access only to privileged groups is bad for the country in the long term.
3 Education where everyone gets into the same type of school without exams is a basic political
ideal in many countries.
4 A system where there are two levels of schools reduces the opportunities for children from poorer
families and favours those from richer families.
5 Some private schools have lots of wealth and receive gifts of money, and this means they can have
better resources.
6 All parents want their children to achieve the best possible results at school.
7 Emphasis on the three Rs is considered by parents to be the key to success.
8 The government is increasing its provision for education that young people can enter after
finishing secondary school.

2.3

Correct these statements about words or expressions from the opposite page. Correct
each of them twice – once by changing the definition and once by changing the word
being defined.
1 One-to-one education is another way of saying continuing education.

One-to-one education means a situation where there is one teacher and one student.
Lifelong education is another way of saying continuing education.
2 Numeracy refers to the ability to read.
3 A student who is doing a doctorate is an undergraduate.
4 Excelling is when a pupil uses frightening or threatening behaviour towards another child who is
smaller or less powerful in some way.
5 Tertiary education is the stage that follows primary education.
6 Comprehensive schools choose the best students to study there.
7 Guidelines list schools from good to bad according to their exam results.

2.4

Complete each sentence with a word from the opposite page.
because of his excellent academic record.
1 Matt won a
2 Zara’s parents said that starting a rock band with her friends would be too much of a
from her studies.
3 The report contains some interesting
on how best to prepare for exams.
4 There were two
students in my class at university, but most of us were just 19.
5 Katia wouldn’t have been able to go to university if her grandparents hadn’t paid her tuition
for her.
6 Most undergraduates need to take out a student
to cover their costs while they
study for a degree.
7 Primary schools usually spend a lot of time on the
Rs.
8 At university I was lucky enough to have a lot of
tutorials, just me and the tutor!

English Vocabulary in Use Advanced

11

3

Applying for a job
A

A job ad
1

FDR BANK

Careers

Branches About Us Contact

Customer Service Assistant
Do you have excellent communication skills and a genuine passion for1 customer
service? Are you looking for a challenging2 role within a fast-paced3 working
environment?
FDR Bank has several new openings4 for Customer Service Assistants. Reporting
to5 the Customer Service Manager, you will be responsible for dealing with customer
enquiries on the phone and via email. No previous experience6 is necessary
as full training7 will be given. The post8 offers excellent career prospects9 to
candidates who demonstrate leadership qualities10 as we are keen to promote and
develop talent within the company.
We offer a competitive salary11 and an attractive benefits package12 including
pension, healthcare plan and subsidised13 meals.
If this sounds like the job for you, then click here to fill in the online application
form, including details of your salary expectations.

B

if you have a passion for something, you like
it very much
2
a positive word for something which is
exciting and difficult
3
if an environment is fast-paced, things
happen quickly there
4
available jobs
5
if you report to someone, he/she is your boss
6
experience of this type of job from before
7
all the training you need
8
job
9
opportunities for promotion and career
development
10
the ability to lead a group
11
as good as, or better than, other salaries for
similar jobs
12
all the extra benefits that a company offers
(as well as a salary)
13
partly paid for by the company

A cover letter
You want your application to stand out [be better than others], so you
should include a clear, well-written cover letter1 which highlights key
points from your CV. Here is a letter sent with the application for the job
in A above.
Dear Sir or Madam2

Mention
any studies
or training
courses you
have done
which are
relevant to
[connected to]
the role.

If you have
previous
managerial
experience,
you can say ‘In
my previous
role as (Sales
Manager), I
led a team of
(four people).’

Please find attached my CV in support of
my application for the position of Customer
Service Assistant. I have just completed my
degree in Business Studies and am keen to
gain hands-on3 experience in this area.
During my course I chose to study several
modules on banking and finance, as I have
always been interested in working in this
field4. In addition, I have worked as a parttime sales assistant in a large department
store for the last two years. This has given
me valuable customer-facing5 experience, as
well as developing good communication skills
both with customers and the rest of the
team. I am a team player6 and I am keen
to develop my career and gain managerial
experience7 in the future.
Thank you for taking the time to consider
this application and I look forward to
hearing from you.
Yours faithfully8
Rebecca White

12

English Vocabulary in Use Advanced

Be sure to
specify the
job you are
applying for at
the beginning
of the letter.

It is important
to mention
any relevant
experience
you have, to
show your
suitability for
the role. If you
can, provide
examples of
specific projects
you have
carried out.
[done]

1

a letter sent with a job
application (also called a
covering letter)
2
how you start a letter
when you do not know the
name of the person you
are writing to
3
practical, direct (not
theoretical)
4
area of business or activity
5
dealing directly with
customers
6
a person who is good at
working with others
7
experience of managing
other people
8
how you finish a letter
when you do not know the
name of the person you
are writing to

Exercises
3.1

Match the two parts of these business collocations from A and B.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

3.2

a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
j

faithfully
prospects
plan
a team
application
role
letter
player
skills
salary

Replace the underlined words with a word or phrase from A or B with a similar meaning.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

3.3

healthcare
team
Yours
competitive
challenging
communication
online
lead
career
cover

You don’t need to have done this job before.
As part of my new job, I get meals partly paid for by the company.
It’s really important to make your application look different from all the others.
Working in the factory over the summer gave me some direct experience of manufacturing.
I’m hoping to work in the area of automotive manufacturing.
Prism Consulting has a number of positions available for graduates.
The ad said the company will provide all the training you need.
You should only apply for the job if you have led a team before.
The salary isn’t great, but they offer an attractive set of other advantages.

Look at A and B. Fill the gaps in these sentences, using a word from the box and a suitable
preposition.
carried

passion

relevant

reported

role

suitable

support

1
2
3
4
5

I am sending my CV in
my application for the position of sales team leader.
I have a
sales.
Jakob’s experience is more
the job than Sylvana’s.
In my previous
Sales Representative, I
the Sales Manager.
While working as a Customer Service Assistant, I also
some research projects for the
marketing department.
6 He only has 6 months’ experience as a trainee. I don’t think that makes him
the job
of quality manager.

3.4

Answer these questions.
1
2
3
4
5

3.5

What do we call a job which deals directly with the customers?
How can we describe someone who works well with other people?
How should you start a letter to someone whose name you don’t know?
What four other words can be used instead of ‘job’ in an advertisement?
How can we describe a working environment which is busy and rapidly changing?

Over to you
Find a job ad that you are interested in and write an example cover letter in English.

English Vocabulary in Use Advanced

13

4

Job interviews
A

Preparing for interviews

When companies are recruiting1, they often have a set of criteria2 (e.g. three years of
experience in the field, or a degree in a relevant area) which they use to find the most suitable
candidates. If you are shortlisted3 for an interview, make sure you do your homework first:
find out as much as you can about the company, its products, markets, competitors, etc.
If you can, ask a friend to do a trial run4 with you. This will help boost5 your confidence.
The interview may be conducted by a panel [a group of people], probably including your future
line manager6. Don’t forget to make eye contact with all the interviewers while you are talking.
As you arrive for the interview, body language7 is important. Give a firm handshake and
speak up8. This will help to create a good first impression.
1

hiring (new staff) 2 requirements you use to make a decision 3 selected from a larger group 4 a practice
of something new 5 improve or increase 6 the person who is directly responsible for your work 7 physical
movements which show how you are feeling 8 speak (more) loudly and clearly

B

During an interview
These are examples of things that might be said at a job interview.

A: So, can you talk us through1 your CV?
B: Well, I studied Engineering and then took a job as a trainee2 at F3
Telecom.
A: I’d like to ask about opportunities for professional development3.
B: We have a very good in-house4 training programme for new recruits5.
Can you give us an example of how you’ve worked well under pressure?
How would your colleagues / your supervisor6 describe you?
I’m keen to take on7 more responsibility.
A: We’re looking to fill the post8 fairly quickly. If you are successful,
how soon could you start?
B: The notice period9 on my present job is just two weeks, so I could
start very soon.

C

1

tell us about in more detail 2 a person
who is learning a new job 3 training given
to employees to increase their knowledge or
skills 4 within the company 5 people who
have just joined (the company) 6 the person
who checks your work 7 start to have 8 find
someone to do the job 9 time you need to
work in your job after you have officially told the
company you are leaving

A job offer
Reply

Forward

Dear Mr Malton,
Thank you for attending the interview last week. We very much enjoyed meeting you. We are delighted to offer you
the position of Trainee Programmer. We believe your qualifications and experience will be an ideal fit for1 the job.
Please review the attached document outlining2 your salary, benefits (including paid leave3) and reporting
structure4, and sign where indicated. Return the document within five business days. Once we have received the
paperwork, we will contact you to arrange your start date.
We look forward to welcoming you as part of our team.
Kind regards
Melanie Stephens

14

1

very suitable for

3

time off you are paid for, such as holiday or parental leave

2

giving an overview of

4

company structure and who you report to

English Vocabulary in Use Advanced

Exercises
4.1

Look at A and fill in the tips for a successful interview.
1 Before the interview,
your
: find out as much as you can about the
company and prepare answers to common interview questions.
2 If you can, do a
to practise how you will answer the interview questions.
3 You need to create a good
with the interviewers. Dress smartly and professionally.
4 Remember that your
also plays an important part. Don’t forget to smile! This will
make you seem more friendly, and might actually
your confidence too.
5 Make sure you greet your interviewer with a
. Make
when you talk to
them – look at them directly.
6 During the interview, describe all your relevant education and experience to show how you
fulfil all the
for the job.

4.2

Choose the correct word from A and B to complete the sentences.
1
2
3
4

I’m afraid you’ll have to speak up / eye up / head up. I can hardly hear what you’re saying.
We are taking / recruiting / searching people for our new branch in the city centre.
If we can’t fill / fulfil / supply the post internally, we’ll have to advertise externally.
If I get the new job, I will have to take up / over / on more responsibility, but I will get a
salary increase.
5 I don’t like working under pressure / under stress / by force. I end up making mistakes.
6 As part of the programme of reporting structure / professional development / notice period,
we would like to invite you to a session on project management.

4.3

Rewrite the following sentences using expressions from A, B and C.
1
2
3
4
5

4.4

Look at B and C opposite. There is one mistake in each of these sentences.
Correct the mistakes.
1
2
3
4
5
6

4.5

Could you tell us about your previous experience in this field?
I think we should give the job to Ruth. She seems perfectly suited to the team.
Employees are entitled to 30 days’ holiday.
The group of interviewers will include your future line manager.
They just called me to say I have been chosen (as one of the best candidates) for an interview.

Please find attached a document overviewing your working conditions.
In some companies the leaving period can be as much as six months.
I’m going to be working as a superior, in charge of a team of 4 people.
The company doesn’t do any in-office training. It’s all done externally.
My begin date for the new job is 1 July.
I’m a trainer accountant. I haven’t passed my qualifying exams yet.

Over to you
•
•
•
•

What do you do before a stressful situation to boost your confidence?
Would you rather have a lot of paid leave or a higher salary?
Do you work better under pressure? Or do you prefer to have more time?
Do you enjoy taking on extra responsibility? Or do you find it stressful?

English Vocabulary in Use Advanced

15

5

At work: colleagues and routines
A

Colleagues
Philip is my opposite number1 in
the company’s New York office. We
have a good working relationship2
and there’s a lot of day-today collaboration3. Having a
4
counterpart like Philip in another branch is a great
support. Last month we got a new boss, who quickly
established a good rapport5 with everyone. She
likes us to take the initiative6. The company is very
hierarchical7; there’s a pecking order8 for everything.
I do a job-share9 with a woman called Rose, which suits
us as we each have childcare responsibilities. My office
uses a hot-desking10 system, so I sit in a different place
every day. I socialise with my workmates11 outside of
work, but we try not to talk shop12 on those occasions.

B

During the day (different work patterns)

1

has the same position / does the same job as me
way of communicating and working together
3
working together to achieve shared goals
4
more formal equivalent of opposite number
5
/ræˈpɔː/ communication/relationship
6
make decisions without being told what to do
7
/ˌhaɪəˈrɑːkɪkəl/ has a structure with important
and less important people
8
a system where some people have the right to get
benefits/promotions before others
9
an agreement where two people each share the
same job
10
a policy of sharing desks in an office, so people
sit at whichever desk is free on a particular day
11
colleagues you are friendly with (especially in
non-professional occupations); informal
12
talk about work; informal
2

I do fairly mundane1 tasks. Occasionally I have to meet a deadline2 or they need
someone to volunteer3 for something. Then the job is more rewarding4 and
stimulating5. Sometimes I have a heavy workload6 but at other times it can be
quite light.
1

2
3
ordinary, not interesting
have something finished by a fixed day or time
offer to do something without
4
being asked or told to do it
making you feel satisfied that you have done something important or useful, or
6
done something well 5 encouraging new ideas or new thinking
amount of work I have to do

I start work at my machine at seven o’clock when I’m on the day shift. The job’s
mechanical1 and repetitive2. All I ever think about is knocking off3 at three o’clock.
The shift I hate most is the night shift. I start at ten and work till six in the morning.
It’s a bit monotonous4. It’s not a satisfying5 job – I feel I need something a bit more
challenging6.
1

2
you don’t have to think about what you are doing
the same thing is repeated every day
4
5
finishing work; informal
boring because it never changes
(does not) make me feel pleased
6
by providing what I need or want
that tests my ability or determination

3

I have a pretty glamorous1 job. I’m a pilot. But the hours are irregular and anti-social2.
I’m not stuck behind a desk3, but long-haul flights can be a bit mind-numbing4; most
of the time the plane just flies itself. We work to very tight schedules5. But I shouldn’t
complain. I feel sorry for people who are stuck in a rut6 or who are in dead-end7 jobs.
1

2
very exciting, which everyone admires
do not enable one to have a normal social life
4
desk all day; informal
extremely boring 5 very strict or severely limited timetables
6
7
stuck/trapped in a job they can’t escape from
with no prospects of promotion

3

sitting at a

I started off as a technician1. After retraining, I worked for a software company, and later I
went in with2 a friend and we formed our own software company as a start-up3 in 2009,
so now I’m self-employed. My husband is freelance4: he works for several different
companies as and when they need work done – he’s a computer programmer5.
1

person whose job involves practical work with scientific or electrical equipment
4
partnership with 3 a small business that has just started
or works freelance
computer programs

16

English Vocabulary in Use Advanced

2

formed a business
someone who writes

5

Exercises
5.1

Correct seven mistakes in this paragraph.

|

REAL WORKERS, REAL STORIES

more stories about

I’m a tecnician in a factory. I think I have a good work relationship
with my colleagues. I tried to establish a good report with them from
the very beginning. The person I like most is my opposite member in
our office in Paris. My boss likes me to make the initiative. Generally,
when I socialise with my jobmates outside of work, we try not to talk
about shop, but it’s not easy and sometimes we have a good gossip
about colleagues and events at work.

5.2

Match the left and right-hand columns to make pairs of sentences.
1
2
3
4
5
6

5.3

We often work together.
The firm’s rather hierarchical.
Peter’s my counterpart.
We work to a tight schedule.
I don’t think I’ll be promoted before her.
Jess and I work half-and-half.

a
b
c
d
e
f

There are several levels of management.
Deadlines have to be met.
It’s a job-share.
Collaboration is a good thing.
We do the same job but he’s based in Rome.
There’s a strict pecking order in the company.

Use words and phrases from the opposite page to complete these sentences.
her and we
1 A good friend suggested we set up a small company together, so I
formed a
in 2012.
2 I’m really tired; I’ve had a very heavy
recently.
3 I don’t want an office job. I don’t want to spend all day stuck
.
4 I’d hate to feel trapped in my job and to be stuck in
.
5 I work for different companies at different times as it suits me. I’m
.
6 I used to work for someone else, but now I’m my own boss; I’m
.
7 I stopped working in the hamburger restaurant. It was such a dead
.
8 When I was working in the factory, all I could think of all day was the moment when I could knock
.
9 Being a hospital nurse is a good job, but you can’t go out much with friends. The hours are a bit
. (two possible answers)
10 I find
annoying, because it means I don't have my own desk where I can keep
things at work.

5.4

Choose adjectives from the box to describe the jobs below. You can use more than one for
each job. Add other adjectives of your own.
glamorous
mundane
1
2
3
4
5

5.5

stimulating
challenging

repetitive stressful monotonous
mind-numbing
rewarding

assembly-line worker in a car factory
supermarket shelf stacker
public relations officer in a multinational company
bodyguard to a celebrity
surgeon

6
7
8
9
10

varied

mechanical

lifeguard on a beach
receptionist at a dentist’s
private detective
refuse collector in a city
night-security guard

Over to you
Write down words from this unit that relate to your job, or to a job you would like to do in
the future.

English Vocabulary in Use Advanced

17

6

At work: job satisfaction
A

Aspects of job satisfaction
What does job satisfaction mean? [a feeling that your job is worth doing and fulfils you] Is it just
having a pleasant workplace or is it more than that? [the place where you work] Can a run-ofthe-mill job be satisfying? [ordinary, not special or exciting]
Some people are prepared to put up with a stressful or unpleasant job if it means short-term
financial reward. [immediate; opp. = long-term] [money gained]
Staff morale has been very low since the company announced a freeze on pay rises. [amount of
confidence felt by a person or group]
Our new manager is very keen to encourage teamwork to help us solve problems. [working
together for a common purpose]
Is job stability more motivating than an exciting, high-risk career? [not likely to change]
After working in the fast-moving fashion industry for six years, Sam has decided to look for a
career with a better work–life balance. [developing or changing very quickly] [the amount of time
spent working compared to the amount of time spent doing things you enjoy]
Daniel’s job in a dynamic new company is often challenging but exciting. [continuously
developing]
Chloe is demotivated in her current job following recent changes in the finance sector. [feeling
less enthusiastic about work] She is looking to work in / seeking a career in something more
creative, like marketing.

Language help
The text has some words with similar meanings connected to work. It is a good idea to learn
them in pairs, e.g. fast-moving and dynamic (industry/profession), seeking a career in …
and looking to work in … . (Note: we say look to, meaning consider or plan, NOT look for.)

B

Expressions connected with working life
In many countries, women are allowed maternity leave, and men paternity leave, if they’re having
a baby. If they adopt a child, they may have a right to adoption leave. [time away from work to prepare
for and look after a new baby / adopted child]
What perks (informal) / (extra) benefits (formal) do you get in your job? [extra things apart from salary,
e.g. a car, health insurance]
What’s your holiday entitlement? I get four weeks a year. [number of days you have the right to take
as holiday]
Do you get regular salary increments each year? [increases/rises; formal] Do you get performance-related
pay rises? [depending on how well you do your job] Do you get an annual bonus? [extra money paid once a
year, usually based on good performance]
Most people think they are overworked and underpaid. (often said together as an informal, humorous
fixed expression)

Because of the recession, the company announced that there would have to be voluntary/
compulsory redundancies. [people losing their jobs, by offering to do so / having no choice]
During the strike, the airport managed to continue running with a skeleton staff of volunteers.
[the minimum number of workers needed to keep operating]
The people on the interview panel at the last job I applied for were so unfriendly that I got very
nervous. [the group of people interviewing someone for a job]

18

English Vocabulary in Use Advanced

Exercises
6.1

Rewrite these sentences by using words and phrases from the opposite page instead of
the underlined words.
1
2
3
4

6.2

Find expressions on the opposite page which mean the opposite of the underlined words
or phrases.
1
2
3
4
5

6.3

Do you enjoy working as part of a team?
I don’t think that earning a lot of money is the key to job satisfaction.
Would you feel nervous giving a presentation to a group of people at interview?
Sales staff are often paid extra money each year when they perform well.

a very unusual, exciting job
a person who is highly motivated
a rather static and slow-moving profession
a drop in salary
compulsory redundancy

6 a full staff of workers
7 someone who has a light workload and is paid
a lot
8 an automatic pay rise each year

Choose the best word or phrase to complete each sentence.
1 Rafael has done the same job for the last fifteen years and his job will be secure until he retires. For
Rafael, job stability / job satisfaction is very important.
2 Kate has a good workplace / work–life balance. She never works late and she often finds time to relax
with her family or go to the cinema in the evening.
3 After graduating from Manchester University, Dan started work in the run-of-the-mill / fast-moving film
industry.
4 Amy joined the law firm for the bonus / long-term career prospects they offered. It would be hard work
for the first few years, but she could later become a senior partner.

6.4

Each sentence in these pairs of sentences contains a mistake. Correct them.
1 She was on mother leave for three months after the birth of her baby. Then her husband took
father leave for three months.
2 Sarah has been on adapted leave since she and Brian welcomed their new two-year old child into their
family. Brian took volunteer redundancy from his job, which means he is at home too.
3 My holiday titlement is four weeks a year. The atmosphere in my place for work is very pleasant,
so I’m happy.
4 When I applied for the job, I was looking for join a dynamic team. However, the interview jury gave
an impression of complete boredom and lack of interest.
5 The factory had to operate with a skeletal staff during the economic crisis. There had been a large
number of compulsive redundancies.
6 I get some good parks in my new job. I get a company car and free health security.

6.5

Over to you
• What does job satisfaction mean to you?
• Do you think financial reward is more important than job stability or work–life balance?

English Vocabulary in Use Advanced

19

7

At work: careers
A

A career in sales
When Carl left school, he took the first job he was offered – in telesales1. He thought
telemarketing2 sounded quite glamorous but soon found that most of the people he phoned
hated cold calling3 and put the phone down when he tried the hard sell4. However, he persevered
and found he became quite skilled at persuading customers to part with their money5. He then
moved into a job on a TV shopping channel6, where he specialised in selling merchandise7 for
the leisure market. He did so well at this that he set up his own sportswear company and hasn’t
looked back8 since.
+ 2 selling or marketing goods and services by phone
phoning people who have not requested a call in
order to try to sell them something
4
attempt to sell something by being very forceful or
persuasive

B

1

5

3

6

spend money
a TV channel devoted to selling products
7
products that are bought and sold
8
has moved forward successfully

Buying and selling
A person’s purchasing power is the ability they have to buy goods, i.e. the amount of money they
have available.
If you shop around, you try different companies or shops to see which offers best value.
If you want to buy something, you need to find a shop that stocks it. [keeps a supply of it = keeps it in stock]
If you trade something up, usually a car or a house, you buy one that is of higher value than the one
you had before. (opp. = trade down)
People sometimes make a purchasing decision based on brand loyalty. [confidence in that particular

make and a tendency always to choose it]

Supermarkets sometimes sell an item for less than it costs them in order to attract a lot of people
into the shop, where they will also buy more profitable items – the item being sold at a low price is
called a loss leader.
For a company to sell its products, it has to price them appropriately. [give them a price]
If a company finds a niche market, it finds a specialised group of customers with particular interests
that that company can meet.
If an item is said to come/go under the hammer, it is sold at an auction. [sale of goods or property
where people make gradually increasing bids and the item is then sold to the highest bidder]

C

A career in business
A few years ago Tina started her own software development business, which turned out to be
very lucrative1. However, she got increasingly irritated by all the red tape2 involved in the
administration3 of a business and when a larger company contacted her with a proposition4,
suggesting a takeover5, she was interested. At first, the two companies could not agree on all the
details of the agreement but they managed to reach a compromise6 and hammer out a deal7
without too much delay. In many ways Tina was sad that her company had been swallowed up8
but she has used the money raised by the sale of her capital assets9 to invest in10 a business
start-up11: an online holiday property letting agency12.
1

producing a lot of money
bureaucracy (negative)
3
organisation and arrangement of operations
4
formal offer
5
agreement in which one company takes control of
another one (compare with merger, in which two
companies join together to become one company)
6
come to an agreement in which both sides reduce
their demands a little
2

20

English Vocabulary in Use Advanced

7

talk in detail until a business agreement is made
taken over by a larger company
9
buildings and machines owned by a company
10
put money into
11
new company
12
a business organising the rental of holiday houses
and flats
8

Exercises
7.1

Match the two parts of these business collocations from the opposite page.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

7.2

loss
capital
purchasing
shopping
hard
letting
brand
niche
red

a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i

agency
channel
leader
tape
power
loyalty
assets
sell
market

Look at A and B opposite. Fill the gaps in these sentences.
1 A world-famous painting will go
the hammer in London tomorrow.
2 It’s a sensible idea to shop
a bit before buying a computer.
3 Sally made the right decision when she quit her old job and set up her own business – she hasn’t
since the day it opened.
looked
4 I don’t mind trying a hard sell on a person who has already expressed an interest in our products,
but I hate
calling.
5 It can be quite hard to persuade my dad to
with his money.
6 I’m going to make a
for the dining table that is up for auction tomorrow.
7 My current job is in
. I spend all the day on the phone.
8 They produce special clothes for people who practise yoga and have really cornered this
market.
9 The shop I went to didn’t
the printer I wanted so I’m going to order it online.

7.3

Replace the underlined words with a word or phrase from C with a similar meaning.
1 As their business interests were quite different, it took them a long time to come to an agreement.
2 If you want to go into the import and export business, you had better be prepared for a lot
of bureaucracy.
3 At the moment they are discussing the possibility of buying up another company.
4 Sportswear is a very profitable business to be in at the moment.
5 Banks will only lend a new business money if they have a realistic business plan.
6 A number of small companies have been taken over by that huge multinational in the last
six months.
7 Hassan has made a rather interesting suggestion about setting up a business together.
8 Chloe is much better at the creative side of business than the organisation involved in
running a company.

7.4

Choose the best word to complete each sentence.
1 I hope we’ll be able to keep / reach a compromise when we meet tomorrow.
2 I think those new games consoles are priced / purchased too high at the moment.
3 The shops are hoping to sell a lot of capital assets / merchandise connected with the
royal wedding.
4 My sports car was so expensive to run that I decided to trade it down / up for something
much cheaper.
5 Helga has never looked back / out since she started her own business ten years ago.
6 There’s a lot of loss leader / red tape involved in setting up a new business.

English Vocabulary in Use Advanced

21

Describing people: positive and
negative qualities

8
A

Character and personality
Chinese astrology organises years into cycles of 12, and asserts that the year you are born in affects
your character. Each year is named after an animal.
1

animal

year

characteristics

RAT

1972, 1984,
1996, 2008

imaginative, charming, generous, quicktempered, opportunistic1

1973, 1985,
1997, 2009

conservative, methodical2, conscientious,
chauvinistic3, a born leader

1974, 1986,
1998, 2010

sensitive, emotional, tends to get carried
away4, stubborn, rebellious, courageous

RABBIT

1975, 1987,
1999, 2011

affectionate, obliging5, sentimental,
superficial6, often insecure7

DRAGON

1976, 1988,
2000, 2012

fun-loving, popular, a perfectionist8,
gifted, may sometimes be tactless9

SNAKE

1977, 1989,
2001, 2013

charming, intuitive10, stingy

HORSE

1978, 1990,
2002, 2014

diligent11, independent, placid12,
outgoing, can be selfish and cunning

GOAT

1979, 1991,
2003, 2015

elegant, artistic, always ready to complain,
over-anxious

MONKEY

1980, 1992,
2004, 2016

witty, magnetic personality13, good
company, can be distrustful14

ROOSTER

1981, 1993,
2005, 2017

industrious, shrewd15, supportive16,
decisive, extravagant17

DOG

1982, 1994,
2006, 2018

down-to-earth18, altruistic19, morose20,
sharp-tongued21

1983, 1995,
2007, 2019

intellectual, tolerant, naive22, often
materialistic

BUFFALO

TIGER

PIG

B

using situations for own benefit
systematic, careful
3
too patriotic
4
become too excited and lose control
5
ready to help
6
not caring about serious things
7
not confident, uncertain about your own
abilities
8
someone who is not satisfied if things are
not 100% perfect
9
inclined to say things that upset or offend
people
10
understanding instinctively
11
hard-working
12
calm, does not easily become excited or
angry
13
personality that attracts people to you
14
not trusting, suspicious of others
15
having good judgement
16
gives help or encouragement
17
spends too much money or uses too much
of something
18
practical and sensible
19
thinking of others rather than yourself
20
gloomy
21
inclined to speak in a severe and critical way
22
without enough experience of life, trusting
too easily
2

Positive and negative associations
Charming, generous – is that how you think of yourself? Selfish, cunning – that can’t be me!
Some words in the chart above have positive associations, others negative ones. Here are some
words from the chart, together with other words that share some aspects of their meaning. The table
shows which have positive and which have negative associations.

22

positive

negative

positive

negative

generous, unstinting

extravagant, immoderate

shrewd, astute

cunning, sly

resolute, dogged

stubborn, obstinate

sober, serious

morose, sullen

thrifty, frugal

stingy, parsimonious

witty, pithy

brusque, terse

diligent, industrious

work-obsessed, (a)
workaholic (noun)

tolerant, open-minded

unprincipled,
unscrupulous

idealistic, principled

dogmatic, inflexible

chatty, talkative

verbose, garrulous

English Vocabulary in Use Advanced

Exercises
8.1

Read the comments and then answer the questions.
I wish Tatyana would calm
down and not get so overexcited about things.
Alice can always be relied
upon to make the right
decision.

Sophie is always so calm.

Harry is such a practical
and sensible person.

Andrey has a tendency to say
things that upset people.

1 Who is placid?
2 Who is down-to-earth?

8.2

Tom thinks his country is better
than any other country and
doesn’t listen to reason.

3 Who tends to get carried away?
4 Who is often tactless?

5 Who is shrewd?
6 Who is chauvinistic?

Which colleagues does the speaker have a positive opinion of and which a negative one?
‘Ellie, my boss, is very astute and she can be very witty, but I find her assistant, David, a bit sullen and
obstinate. Julia, who I sit next to, is a bit stingy and extremely work-obsessed. I do a lot of work with Marco,
who’s very obliging, supportive and tolerant.’

8.3

Fill the gaps with words from the opposite page. You are given the first letter(s) and
clues to the meaning in brackets.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

He’s rather o
. He always tries to use situations to his own advantage. (devious)
She has an i
approach to life rather than a rational one. (instinctive)
My father was a somewhat quick-tempered and m
sort of person. (gloomy)
He was a very altruistic person, almost to the point of being n
. (too trusting)
Aisha has a m
personality. Everyone is drawn to her. (attractive)
Rob is a very conscientious and m
worker. (careful, systematic)
I find Eva a bit b
and rude. (speaks in a quick and rude way)
She’s fun-loving but she can be a bit s
at times. (doesn’t care about serious things)
I think Max is i
. (doesn’t have much confidence, not really sure of himself)
I’m always happy to go out for a meal with Kerstin. She’s such g
c
.
(pleasant and entertaining to spend time with)
11 She was very c
in speaking out against corruption. (brave, unafraid to speak or act)
12 Owen’s a p
. He’s never happy if he doesn’t get an A-grade in every test.

8.4

Find adjectives on the opposite page related to these abstract nouns.
1 altruism
2 parsimony
3 diligence

8.5
8.6

4 placidity
5 industriousness
6 rebellion

7 distrust
8 terseness
9 naivety

10 unscrupulousness

The adjectives you found in the exercise above are more common in formal contexts.
Give a synonym for each word that would be more likely to be used in informal
situations (e.g. a friendly, informal conversation). Use a dictionary if necessary.

Over to you
Which adjectives from this unit could you use to describe you, your friends and your family
members?
English Vocabulary in Use Advanced

23

Describing people: appearance and
mannerisms

9
A

Adjectives connected with size, weight and general appearance
She introduced me to a tall, slender woman who looked very serious. [thin in an attractive way]
He was too scrawny to be a football player. [unattractively thin and bony-looking]
A lanky teenager walked in. [very tall and thin, and usually moving awkwardly]
A gangling/gangly youth approached him. [tall, with long, thin arms and legs and rather awkward
movements; often used of men and boys]

Recent studies show that an increasing number of children are obese. [very fat, in an unhealthy way]
She’s the rather stout woman wearing glasses over there. [with a quite large, solid body; used of men and women]
My grandfather was a stocky man with big hands and broad shoulders. [short and with a body that is

wide across the shoulders and chest]

B

Aspects of appearance and complexion
Reply

Forward

Hi Jessica,
Guess who I bumped into the other day? Our old college mate, Rob Parsons! First thing I noticed was he’s really
bulked up1 (he used to be so lean2 and wiry 3, didn’t he?) but also that he still looks so unkempt4. His sister
was always the opposite – never a hair out of place5 and immaculate6 clothes, remember? But they were
different in appearance too, weren’t they? He has a rather swarthy7 complexion: his sister’s was more sallow8.
I must say he looked a bit haggard9 and exhausted too. He’s probably working too hard. Anyway, how are things
with you?
Beth
1

increased in body size, especially by gaining
more muscle
2
thin and healthy 3 thin but strong
4
untidy, scruffy (the opposite would be smart or
neat; ‘kempt’ does not exist)

C

5

always well-dressed, neat and smart-looking
in perfect condition, smart
7
dark-coloured, used about skin
8
yellowish
9
his face looked ill and tired
6

Facial expression
A: What are you grinning at? [giving a big smile]
B: You’ve got ice cream on your nose – it looks so funny!
Look at those models pouting for the photographers! [positioning their lips in an attractive way]
She said if her daughter doesn’t get what she wants, she pouts for the rest of the day. [positions her lips
in a look of annoyance]

You don’t have to grimace every time I eat raw garlic. I happen to think it’s delicious. [make an

expression of pain or strong dislike]

I arrived late and she just scowled at me. [gave a bad-tempered, angry look]
He was leering at us. I felt very uncomfortable and wanted to leave. [looking in an unpleasant, sexually

interested way]

D

Mannerisms and actions
I asked him for advice but he just shrugged his shoulders. [lifted his shoulders up and down to show he

didn’t know or couldn’t answer]

He folded his arms and crossed his legs and waited for me to speak. [crossed one arm over the other

close to his body] [crossed one leg over the other while sitting]

He sat there twitching nervously as he waited for his interview. [suddenly making small movements]
She bites her nails all the time. It drives me crazy!
She clenched her fist and told him to get out of the room at once. [closed her hand tightly because of anger]
He just kept tapping/drumming his fingers on the table, looking impatient. [made quick, light

hitting movements]
24

English Vocabulary in Use Advanced

Exercises
9.1

Rewrite these sentences using words from A opposite instead of the underlined words.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

9.2

She looks as if she needs a good meal; her body is so thin and bony.
Martha and David are both rather tall and thin individuals.
Being extremely fat can have health risks.
A very tall, thin, bony, awkward-looking boy carried our bags for us.
Her new silk dress suited her thin frame.
A short man with broad shoulders offered to lift the stone so we could look underneath.
That solid-looking woman on the left of the photo is Charlie’s wife.

Fill in the gaps in the sentences using words from B opposite.
1 Finn looked really
after two weeks of camping – his clothes were dirty and his hair
was a mess!
2 Leah always looks amazing – she never has a
out of place!
3 Alex has
a lot – must be all that time he spends at the gym lifting weights!
4 Dan hasn’t slept for three days – he looks really tired and
!

9.3

What are these people doing?

1

4

9.4

He’s folding his arms.

2

3

5

6

Answer these questions. Use a dictionary if necessary.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

The verb to pout has two meanings on the opposite page. What are they?
If someone scowls at you, how are they probably feeling?
What is the difference between a swarthy complexion and a sallow complexion?
When would you clench your fist?
When do people normally shrug their shoulders?
What might you do with your fingers on a table if you were nervous or impatient?
In what situations do people typically (a) fold their arms, (b) cross their legs?
If someone is ‘lean and wiry’, which of these adjectives are true of them: thin, fat, healthy, weak,
ill-looking, strong?
English Vocabulary in Use Advanced

25

Describing people: personality and
character traits

10
A

B

Adjectives to describe people’s personality or behaviour
word

meaning

example

impetuous

acts on a sudden idea without
thinking first (often negative)

She’s so impetuous; I wish she would consider
things before acting.

impulsive

similar to impetuous, but can be
used in a more positive way

His impulsive generosity led him to give money to
anyone who asked for help.

effusive

gives exaggerated expression of
pleasure, praise or gratitude

She always gives me such an effusive welcome
when I visit her.

excitable

easily excited by things

He’s a very excitable child; he needs to calm down.

pushy

always selfishly promoting your
own position or interests; informal

She’s so pushy; it’s typical of her to demand a pay
rise for herself and not care about the rest of us.

self-conscious

nervous or uncomfortable
because you know what people
think about you or your actions

Freddie seemed self-conscious and uncomfortable
when he had to make the announcement at
the party.

well-balanced

calm and reasonable and showing
good judgement

The teacher said Maddy was a well-balanced child
who got on well at school.

taciturn
/ˈtæsɪtɜːn/

reserved or says very little
(generally negative)

He was a bit taciturn when I first met him. He
hardly said a word.

Sociability
Chloe’s such an introvert. Her brother Mark is so outgoing and is such an extrovert. Strange,
isn’t it? [inward-looking and quiet] [energetic and friendly, finds it easy to be with others] [outward-looking,
energetic and sociable]

Mr Rogers is such a diffident man. He seems to have quite low self-esteem. [lacks confidence] [has a

low opinion of himself]

English people are traditionally thought of as rather reserved. [not immediately sociable]
Eva tends to be rather aloof. I don’t know if she’s just shy. [unfriendly and not sociable]
My aunt Annie can be very haughty and disdainful at times, but she’s lovely really. [unfriendly and

thinks herself better than others] [does not believe others deserve respect]

I’ve always found Professor Mactoft very unapproachable, but his colleague Dr O’Daly is very
approachable. [not easy to be sociable with or start a conversation with] [the opposite]
Natasha is very conceited and self-important, but Rachel is such a modest person. [thinks herself
wonderful] [has an exaggerated sense of her importance] [prefers not to exaggerate her own qualities]

Joe is always so polite and respectful. I wish he would be more informal and just treat me as
his equal. [treating someone well and politely, often with admiration]

C

Character traits
Arjen is a somewhat naive person; he thinks love can solve all the world’s problems. [/naɪˈiːv/ willing

to believe simple things, perhaps because of inexperience]

Telephone salespeople often take advantage of gullible people. [easily deceived]
My father was a very conscientious man; he never took time off work unless he was really sick.
[/ˌkɒntʃiˈentʃəs/ always took his work very seriously]

She’s a restless individual. I don’t think she’ll ever settle down in a job. [not satisfied with what she is
doing now and wanting something new]

You are so obstinate and pig-headed! Why don’t you listen when people give you advice? [unwilling

to change, despite persuasion] [similar to obstinate but stronger; informal]

26

English Vocabulary in Use Advanced

Exercises
10.1

Answer these questions.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

10.2

Why would people rather have an approachable teacher or boss than an unapproachable one?
What is a stronger and less formal way of saying obstinate?
If someone is diffident, do they have little or lots of self-confidence?
How could you describe a greeting from someone that showed exaggerated pleasure?
Do you think it would be easy or difficult to have a friendly conversation with a taciturn person?
Which tends to be more negative, impetuous or impulsive?
Which would most people rather be described as, conscientious or self-conscious?
If you’re outgoing, are you more likely to be seen as an introvert or an extrovert?

Rewrite the underlined parts of the sentences using the words in the box, making any
other changes necessary.
restless
well-balanced
pushy
outgoing
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

10.3

aloof

conceited

haughty

self-esteem

Complete the table. Some of the words are not on the opposite page.
noun

excitable

adjective

noun

reserved

gullible

diffidence
disdain

pig-headed

impetuous

respect

obstinate

self-important

approachable

modest

These sentences contain words from the table in 10.3. Rewrite the sentences using the
other form of the word. For example, use a noun instead of an adjective and vice versa.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

10.5

naive

Don’t be so over-proud of your achievements! You’re not the only one to get an A-grade!
People who have a poor opinion of themselves can find it difficult to achieve their goals.
He’s generally a happy, sociable sort of person.
She is a person who is generally quite reasonable and who shows good judgement overall.
You always seem unable to settle down. What’s the problem?
He’s so easily excited. He should try to calm down more.
She believes rather simple things when it comes to politics.
He’s just pursuing his own interests and cares little what happens to others.
Frances was very unfriendly and would not take part in things at the party.
At times, Joel is quite cold and unfriendly and acts as if he’s better than the rest of us.

adjective

10.4

excitable

One of her main character traits is that she is impetuous.
It’s difficult to get him to change his ways. He displays a high level of obstinacy.
Luke shows a lot of reserve, but his wife is known more for her approachability.
One of her nicest characteristics is that she is modest.
She shows a lot of respect for her elders. It’s important in her culture.
Being pig-headed seems to be a family trait among my relatives.
She is so full of self-importance; it irritates everyone.
Online identity thieves prey on people being gullible.

Over to you
Choose five words from the opposite page that you feel describe you. Be honest!

English Vocabulary in Use Advanced

27

11

Relationships: friends forever
A

Love and romance
When Tom met Lily, it was love at first sight. [love began the first time they saw each other]
She fell head over heels in love with him. [fell deeply and madly in love]
Nick only has eyes for Sophie. He’s not interested in other girls. [is only attracted to]
Lauren was more than infatuated with Dave; she was completely besotted with him. [romantically
obsessed with] [almost stupidly or blindly in love with]

I’ve often seen Matt and Ellie at the cinema together, but it’s purely a platonic relationship.
[affectionate relationship between people of the opposite sex that is not sexual]

B

Friendships and other positive relationships
Anona and I hit it off immediately; we’re true soulmates. [liked each other the moment we met] [people
who feel close in spirit and understand each other deeply]

The moment I met Rob, I could see he was a man after my own heart. [someone you admire because
they do or think the same as you; also woman after your own heart]
Charlie and I get on like a house on fire. [have a very good, enjoyable relationship]
Rob and Jamie have been bosom friends/buddies/pals for years. [very close, good friends]
Marta and Carmen are inseparable. [always want to be together, very close]
There’s a close bond between Rushda and her aunt. [relationship or feeling of togetherness]

C

General social relationships: collocations
The replies in these conversations are another way of saying what the first speaker says.
A: You seem to be very similar to Ben – the way you think and look at life.
B: Yes, we’ve always been kindred spirits.
A: What a nice wedding! Nathan and Amelia seem to be perfect for each other.
B: Yes, such a well-matched couple!
A: Our Spanish friends are always phoning their brothers and sisters.
B: Yes, well, I think family ties in Spain are much stronger than here.
A: I’ve never met Rosie, but I know several people she knows.
B: Yes, she said you have a number of mutual acquaintances.
A: Gareth has a lot of respect for Clare.
B: Yes, he holds her in high regard.
A: Sarah and Anna are very close these days. I’m sure they share all their secrets.
B: Yes, they’re as thick as thieves.

D

28

Nouns and adjectives
adjective

noun

example

adoring

adoration

The parents gazed at their new-born baby with a look of tender
adoration.

affectionate

affection

He never shows much affection for his children.

amiable

amiability

She always treats us with great amiability.

considerate

consideration

‘Have some consideration for the other students!’ she said angrily.

faithful

faithfulness

Faithfulness is the key to a good marriage.

fond

fondness

Over the years she developed a fondness for Mario that went beyond a
purely business relationship.

loyal

loyalty

He was a great team captain who inspired loyalty in the players.

English Vocabulary in Use Advanced

Exercises
11.1

Match up the words on the left with words on the right to make expressions. Then use
the expressions to complete the sentences below.
1 love
2 head
3 bosom
1
2
3
4
5
6

11.2

4 hit
5 kindred
6 mutual

When Josh met Emma, it was
.
Phil and Toby look at life in the same way. They’re
Ever since they worked together, Lucy and Olivia have been
I was introduced to Zoe by some
.
They just looked at each other and fell
.
When Ross and I met, we immediately
.

5
6
7
8

.

Complete the table. Some of the words are not on the opposite page.
adjective

noun

loyal

respect

consideration

adjective

affection

passion

romantic
devoted

support

fond
faithful

amiable
trust

adoration

infatuated

Now complete these sentences, which include words from the table above, using the
correct preposition. Use a dictionary if necessary.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

11.5

.

Rachel only has
for Mark these days. She’s crazy over him.
They look such a
couple. I wonder if they will get married?
Tara and I have always got
like a house
.
He’s completely
with her. I’ve never known him to be so much in love before.
He’s like a teenager. (two possible answers)
Matt would do anything for his boss – he holds her in very high
.
I think she was quite right to say what she did – she’s a woman after my own
.
The children must be planning something – they look as
as thieves.
They spend most of their holidays in the south of Italy because of their
ties there.

noun

11.4

d spirits
e at first sight
f over heels in love

Fill the gaps in these sentences.
1
2
3
4

11.3

a pals
b it off
c acquaintances

She’s absolutely devoted
her mother and visits her every day.
I’ve always had a lot of respect
my boss, and I do enjoy my job a lot.
She’s been so lo